Elahe Hoseyni Matak; Ehsan Changizi
Abstract
In Gilaki language, propositions like, "var / vir, virja, bija" are used to transfer the meaning "near, beside, with, by side of ...". These propositions, in addition to concept "place", also signify the concept of accompaniment. This paper is an attempt to investigate the core meaning of var, its semantic ...
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In Gilaki language, propositions like, "var / vir, virja, bija" are used to transfer the meaning "near, beside, with, by side of ...". These propositions, in addition to concept "place", also signify the concept of accompaniment. This paper is an attempt to investigate the core meaning of var, its semantic changes and the process of its grammaticalization using the data from Avestan and Middle Persian. Var's relationship with virja and bija is also discussed. Gilaki language’s data is provided by Rastorgueva et al. (2012) and some local poems. Var in Gilaki, is derived from varah in Avestan and war in Middle Persian (= chest). As the result of metonymic use of language, this word has got some meanings like "beside, with, by the side of …". By passing time, it has been used to point out the space around human, which is under his control. It is shown that this proposition is merged with the preposition ja / je and the result is the formation of the preposition virja. Since the core meaning of "var" signifies the human body and in categorical metaphor's model, human bodies associated with object-person category, these propositions also include the semantic feature of accompaniment. Moreover, the infinitive "manestan" (to resemble), have changed into proposition in the noun phrase constructions.
Elahe Hoseini Matak
Abstract
Materials for Study of Bakhtiyâri Dialect is a translation of Zhukovski’s research study entitled Materials for Study of Iranian Dialects. He lived in Iran from 1883 to 1886 and collected samples from Iranian dialects including Bakhtiyâri. In this collection, he has transcribed 42 Bakhtiyâri ...
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Materials for Study of Bakhtiyâri Dialect is a translation of Zhukovski’s research study entitled Materials for Study of Iranian Dialects. He lived in Iran from 1883 to 1886 and collected samples from Iranian dialects including Bakhtiyâri. In this collection, he has transcribed 42 Bakhtiyâri poems and translated them into Russian. Zhukovski’s work has been used as the point of departure by “Maryam Shafaghi” and “Sayyed Mahdi Dâdras” one of whom is native Bakhtiyâri speaker and has attempted to correct phonemic transcription and stress placement of Zhukovski and translated it into Bakhtiyâri regardless of its translation. In the current study, the researcher has reviewed and criticized Shafaghi and Dâdras’ transcription, translation and stress placement. Studying Bakhtiyâri dialect over the past 130 years and comparing it to the contemporary Bakhtiyâri is diachronic in nature and one shouldn’t, therefore, change transcription and stress placement with reference to information from contemporary Bakhtiyâri.
